A Note On ℓ\ell-Rauzy Graphs for the Infinite Fibonacci Word

The $\ell$-Rauzy graph of order $k$ for any infinite word is a directed graph in which an arc $(v_1,v_2)$ is formed if the concatenation of the word $v_1$ and the suffix of $v_2$ of length $k-\ell$ is a subword of the infinite word. In this paper, we consider one of the important aperiodic recurrent words, the infinite Fibonacci word for discussion. We prove a few basic properties of the $\ell$-Rauzy graph of the infinite Fibonacci word. We also prove that the $\ell$-Rauzy graphs for the infinite Fibonacci word are strongly connected.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Design and Performance Validation of Vapour Absorption Solar Air Conditioning System

The Solar based absorption systems are used for the reduction of power load that is caused because of the utilization of the compressors. There have been different absorption sets that are tried for space cooling applications by bringing in different solar based heat inputs. The NH3 � H2O based absorption system need a working temperature of 120�C to 150�C, and requires concentrators with tracking and attracting higher qualities, however NH3 � H2O vapour absorption systems can operate at lower temperatures and can utilize FPC or ETC solar water heating frameworks as generators. In the near future, this will bring in low cost and low maintenance. The single effect 1 KW, NH3 � H2O absorption system with evacuated tube solar collector is attempted in this research work. The testing of the system and comparison of COPs with standard vapour absorption Solar Air Conditioning system are done

Thermal Energy analysis using TRNSYS in PCM Storage Tank

Energy is released from different processes into environment everyday across the globe. With the augmentation of the population it isn�t realistic to expect the energy demand to decrease, therefore currently available energy should be used more efficiently .In that sense, latent heat storage (LHS) has been popularized in last few decades because it can improve energy savings of thermal energy systems. The present paper contributes in showing the effects on system of including phase change materials(PCM) in a thermal energy system. System analyzed here is hot water tank for domestic use purposes. Analysis of system has been done using simulation program TRNSYS. Results come in a form of graphs that show charging and discharging times, quantities of energy stored, and temperature profile of watertank

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of Homobimetallic Schiff Base Cu(II) and Ni(II) Complexes

.4(OAc) (4) respectively. The four new homobimetallic complexes have been characterized by spectral techniques like elemental analysis, NMR, IR, UV Visible absorption, magnetic measurements, thermal, EPR, electrochemical studies and molar conductance. IR spectral data shows that the ligands are bidentate and the binding sites are azomethine nitrogen and free primary amine groups. Molar conductance measurements show that the complexes are electrolytes. EPR values and electronic spectral data suggest that it possesses square planar geometry. The Schiff base ligands and metal complexes were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. The ligands and its metal complexes were found to be biologically active. All the complexes show higher antimicrobial activity than the ligand and streptomycin

Wear Analysis on 410 Stainless Steel Material by Hardening Process

The wear conduct of 410 stainless steel has been examined under a dry sliding contact at consistent load. It was found that hardening procedure was successful in enhancing the wear conduct of stainless steel material, advancing the property of pliability. A low temperature hardening has been completed for three distinct examples at a hour, a hour and a half, 120 minutes. Untreated stainless steel was utilized as a kind of perspective material and experienced wear test for comparison with different hardening samples. The hardening samples uncover that hard layers that are shaped which enhances the surface hardness. Small scale hardness estimations uncovered a critical increment in hardness after treatment. The layers were portrayed by optical magnifying lens and checking electron magnifying lens investigation

Investigation of 316L Stainless Steel by Flame Hardening Process

Austenitic stainless steel offer great imperviousness to general erosion because of the development of a detached surface film. They are broadly utilized as a part of the sustenance and concoction preparing ventures and in addition in biomaterial applications. In any case, they can experience the ill effects of setting erosion in chloride particle containing arrangements. All things considered, in the meantime they have discovered little use in mechanical building applications in view of their low hardness and poor wear resistance. In this examination work, to enhance the previously mentioned reasons, surface solidifying by Flame hardening procedure is done. It has for some time been an outstanding a warm treatment for enhancing the surface properties of austenitic stainless steel. The examples were fire solidified for 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes separately. Wear test for every one of the examples were completed by stick on plate testing process. The outcomes were contrasted and an untreated specimen and finished up with metallographic tests like optical tiny tests and examining electron magnifying lens tests

JBiopest 7(1):47-51(2014) Management of pink hibiscus mealybug JBiopest 5(1): 1-6 © 438 Association of ants with pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) and its influence on predatory fauna in mulberry ecosystem

ABSTRACT The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a major sucking pest of mulberry, infests tender shoot and causes bunchy top which leads to retarded growth of the plants. The leaves in the infested shoots become unfit for young age silkworm rearing. Infestation of M. hirsutus is often associated with attendant ants and they help spreading of the pest besides protecting from natural enemies. Thus, a study on the association of ants with M. hirsutus and their influence on the predatory fauna in mulberry gardens was carried out in southern Tamil Nadu. Four ant species viz. Monomorium indicum, Solenopsis geminata, Tapinoma sessile and Camponotus compressus were found to have association with the pink mealy bug in mulberry garden. Among the species, M. indicum was found predominant accounting for an average of 37.78 numbers per mealybug infested shoot whereas the rest of the species S. geminata (3.3), T. sessile (1.67) and C. compressus (0.56) were exhibited least association. The average mealy bug population was comparatively higher in ant attended colonies (61.22) than unattended ones (49.22). The population of predatory fauna decreased significantly (0.96) on ants association compared to the mealy bug infested shoots free from the ants (4.75) which indicates the deterring potentiality of the attendant ants. Destruction of the predominant M. indicum colonies in mulberry ecosystem could help increase the field activities of predatory fauna against M. hirsutus

Characterization 410 Stainless Steel by Vacuum Tempering Process

It has been reported that low-temperature vacuum tempering of 410 stainless steel hard layer improving wear resistance and hardness. Grade 410 stainless steel being a hardened material were modified by low temperature tempering process. By the process of tempering, brittleness on the stainless steel material will be reduced and ductility will be promoted. The microstructure, surface hardness and erosion-corrosion resistance were systematically evaluated. Vacuum tempering is done at low temperature of 430℃ can form a hardened layer, and with the treated time prolong, the thickness of the layer increased. The stainless specimens were vacuum tempered for 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes. Wear tests were conducted with the help of pin on disc apparatus. The output results were determined with various metallographic tests like scanning electron microscope and optical microscope results

DNA barcodes can distinguish species of Indian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae

ABSTRACT Species identiÞcation of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological characteristics remains often difÞcult in Þeld-collected mosquito specimens in vector-borne disease surveillance programs. The use of DNA barcodes has been proposed recently as a tool for identiÞcation of the species in many diverse groups of animals. However, the efÞcacy of this tool for mosquitoes remains unexplored. Hence, a study was undertaken to construct DNA barcodes for several species of mosquitoes prevalent in India, which included major vector species. In total, 111 specimens of mosquitoes belonging to 15 genera, morphologically identiÞed to be 63 species, were used. This number also included multiple specimens for 22 species. DNA barcode approach based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene sequences could identify 62 species among these, in conÞrmation with the conventional taxonomy. However, two closely related species, Ochlerotatus portonovoensis (Tiwari & Hiriyan) and Ochlerotatus wardi (Reinert) could not be identiÞed as separate species based on DNA barcode approach, their lineages indicating negligible genetic divergence (Kimura two-parameter genetic distance ϭ 0.0043)